Process and apparatus for treating composite edible oils, &amp;c.



O. ELLIS. PROCESS AND APPARATUS PORTRBATING COMPOSITE EDIBLE OILS, 6w.

' APPLICATION FILED JULY 12,1913.

1,095,144, Patentd Apr. 28,- 1914.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

GARLEVTON ELLIS, or MONTCLAIR, NEW JERSEY.

PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR TREATING COMPOSITE EDIIBLE OILS,

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Apr. 28, 1914.

Application filed July 1 2, 1913. Serial No. t78,731.

To all whom, it may concern:

ble Oils, &o., of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to the process of hydrogenation of unsaturatedfats, more particularly composite fatty material intended for ediblepurposes and to apparatus for carrying out such process and is furtherconcerned with the hydrogenation of such material by the aid of nickelcarbonyl as a potentially available catalytic body.

The treatment of composite oils such as corn or soya bean and cottonseed oil mixtures, fish or whale oil and olein, likewise the variousesters of oleic acid and other oils or oil mixtures having unsaturatedcomponents of varying iodine number is diificult to carry outselectively so as to yield awell hydrogenated product free from atendency of some at least of its components to quickly becoming rancidon exposure toair.

By the present invention control over the several stages ofhydrogenation may be nicely secured and sweet smelling edible productsobtained by hydrogenation without necessarily resorting to subsequentsteam treatment to effect deodorization. This application is adivisional continuation in part of my co-pending applications SerialNos. 692,903, filed April 24, 1912 and 688,814 filed April 5, 1912,particularly as regards the employment of nickel carbonyl under suitablethermal conditions as hereinafter referred to and as regards theexposure of a moving body of oil, in the presence of a catalyzer to abubbling current of hydrogen, as disclosed in my application Serial No;692,903.

The accompanying diagrammatic drawing illustratively shows apparatussuitable for carrying out the present invention. The drawing depicts invertical section a treating receptacle having a stirring device andmeans for materials.

In the drawing 1 is a closed receptacle and mixing chamber, having thepropeller 2, blades as indicated by 3, being suitable for the purpose.The receptacle is provided the introduction of the reacting with heatingmeans, a jacket 17 into which I steam or 0t duced being shown.

5 is a valved inlet pipe for admitting the oily body, with or withoutcatalyzer, to the receptacle.

6 designates one of several bafiles or screens set intermediate thepaths of travel of the several propeller blades.

7 is a valved outlet pipe for the withdrawal of the treated oil or fat.The pipe' 9 serves for the admission of hydrogen gas or any othersuitable gas containing hydrogen or similar reducing element. The shaft2 preferably carries the bells 4 which serve to intercept some of thegas in its upward flow through the oil andpermits of greater contactingsurface. These bells mayhowever, be omitted and the gas may be allowedto travel upwardly SllbJBCt to such deviations as may result fromthe'movement of the oil by the propeller blades 3 which movement issubstantially transverse to the general upward trend of the-.gas.The'baflles or screens 6 may likewise be omitted if desired. The pipes8. and 12 serve for mixing hydrogen and nickel carbonyl when the latteris used as a source of catalytic material, mixing taking place in thechamber 10 which may be dispensed with when the catalyzer is notintroduced in this manner.

er heating agent may be intro-.

14 is an exit pipe for the hydrogen or I other gaseous material, therate of flow being governed by the valve 15. y

The hydrogen gas may be admitted either intermittently or continuouslyto the treat- 7 ing receptacle according to the adjustment of theseveral valves shown herein.

As an illustrative example an oil or oil mixture such as cotton and cornoil in vari ous proportions may be placed in the receptacle and acat-alyzer introduced -"s'uch for 180-185 C.- for a nickel catalyzer andhydrogen passed through the oil. The Pro peller blades are put in motionand the-oil thus exposed to hydrogen in the presence of 1 a catalyzeruntil suitably hardened.

As another illustrative example of the process of the present invention,one may place in the receptacle a charge of, say 'cotton-seed oil andheat to a temperature of about 180. 0. A quantity of nickel carbonyl,equivalent to about 1% or so of the T weight of the oil is-mingled withhydrogen) gas and brought into contact with the oil with gentleagitation for a period of an hour or more according to the degree ofhydrogenation required.-

In-iacordance with the oil to be treated, the pressure of the hydrogenmay vary from below atmospheric up to a pressure of 10-lbs.

. to 25-lbs. to the square inch, or higher.

My invention is preferably adapted to treat oil mixtures, 'or oils of acomposite nature, especially those intended. for edible purposes, butitmay also beused to treat oils of a more simple character and othermaterials. v

I What I claim is:

1. The process of treating fatty materials, containing unsaturatedbodies, which comprises-exposing a moving body of the samein liquidcondition, andin the presence of a catalyzer, to a bubbling current ofhydrogen, the general direction of the movement of the body of themixture being across the path of travel of the hydrogen. current.

. ,2. The process oftreating a mixture of edible cotton-and corn oils,which. comprises exposing a moving body of such mixture, 1n

. the presence of a catalyzer, toa bubbling current of hydrogen, thegeneral direction V of movement of such mixture substantially transversetothe general direction of movement of said hydrogen current.

The process of treating a mixture of i edible fatty oilsiand the like,which comprises exposing a; moving body of such-mixture, m the presenceof ,a catalyzer, to a bubbling ascending current of hydrogen, the

-- general direction of movement ofsuch mixture being at air-angle tothe general direcprises exposinga moving mixturebeing caused tocirculate in a gention ofmovement of such hydrogen current.

4. The process of treating a mixture of edible fatty oils and the which,comf ture, in the' presence of; a catalyzer, to --a bubbllng ascendingcurrent of hydrogemthe erally uniform'plane,-at an angle to the'general' direction of movement of the hydrogen.

current, during such treatment. 5. The process of treating a mixtureofedible fatty oils and the like, which comprises exposlng a moving bodyof suchlmixture, in the presence of a cat'alyzer and in a heatedcondition, to. a bubbling ascending current. of hydrogen, the generaldirection of movement of such mixture being across I the path of travelof the ascending hydro- .gen current. I

6. The process of treating a mixture of fatty oils and the like, whichcomprises exposing-a moving body of the same, in the presence of acatalyzer and in a heated conition, to an ascending bubbling current ofa drogen containing gas, the general direct.1on of movement of themixture being across the path of travel of the hydrogen and impeding theupward flow of the ydrogen containing gas while in contact with themixture.

7. The process of. treating fatty oil and the like, which comprisesexposing a moving body of said oil with nickel carbonyl and at atemperature sufficient to decompose said carbonyl, to a current of ahydrogen containing gas, the general direction of movement of such oilbeing across the path of travel of the current of hydrogen containinggas.

8. The process of treating fatty oil and :the like, which comprisesexposing the same in the presence of a finely divided catalyzer and. ina heated condition, to a bubbllng current containing hydrogen, thegeneral direcand a catalyzer, means for passing a current of hydrogen"containing gas through the body of oil and means for maintaining saidbody of oil in 'motion in ageneral direction transverse to the generaldirection of movement of the current of hydrogen.- I

11. An apparatus adapted for treating oils comprising a closed treatingreceptacle adapted to contain a body of giland a catalyzer, means forpassing a. current of hydrogen containin'g gas through the body of oil,

means for impeding the flow of said gas through said oil and means formaintaining said body of oil inmotion in a general direction transverseto the general direction of moyement of the current of hydrogencontaining gas.-

Signed at Montclair in the county of Essex and State of New Jersey this10th day of July A. D. 1913.

' CARLETON ELLIS.

Witnesses:

B. M. ELL-IS, F. CARBU'I'I.

